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Motor vehicle engine

Ford Y-block V8
Overview
Manufacturer	Ford Motor Company
Production	1954-1964,1980 South America
Layout
Configuration	Small-block OHV V8
Chronology
Predecessor	Flathead V8
Successor	Ford FE engine Ford Windsor engine

The Y-block engine is a family of overhead valve V8 automobile engines produced by Ford Motor Company. The engine is well known and named for its deep skirting, which causes the engine cake to resemble a Y. It was introduced in 1954 equally a more modern replacement for the outdated side-valved Ford Flathead V8 and was used in a variety of Ford vehicles through 1964.

By 1948, the famous Ford Flathead V8 had been developed about as far as it could go,^[1] and it was antiquated past the early 1950s.^[2] Ford was the nigh conservative of the major automakers, holding onto older designs longer than GM or Chrysler, merely market forces pushed Ford to develop new designs in the 1950s.^[2] Management at Ford Motor Company instructed its engineers to develop a new engine for the time to come. Past 1952 Ford had new OHV 6-cylinder engine (215 in³ I-6) and Lincoln had a 317 in³ OHV V8.^[1] The visitor had designed the Y-cake for a 1953 introduction, but a shortage of nickel due to the Korean War's needs prevented the company from manufacturing the engine in sufficient quantities.^[2] It therefore wasn't until 1954 that Ford introduced its new Ford Y-Block V8.^[1]

In 1954 the Y-block displaced 239 in³ (3,910 cc), the aforementioned displacement as the sometime Ford Flathead V8 but with a bigger bore and a shorter stroke. Information technology produced 130 bhp every bit opposed to the Flathead's final 110 bhp, an increment of 18%.^[1] The Mercury Y-Block was 256 in³ (iv,194 cc) and produced 161 bhp,^[3] again a like displacement to the 255 in³ Mercury Flathead V8 it replaced, simply with 29% more than power than the older engine'southward 125 bhp.^[iv]

The original Lincoln V8 was also known as a Y-Block. Lincoln introduced their engine in 1952, just information technology was a different design from the Ford Y-Block, and was used on large cars and Ford heavy-duty trucks.

1 of the design qualities of the Y-Block V8 is its deep skirting which makes for a very rigid block for added strength in the bottom cease. The drawback to this is information technology likewise makes for a heavy cylinder cake. This beingness Ford's first OHV engine, they had to feed oil to the rocker arm shafts through a passage from the center cam bearing. Considering of the depression detergents in oils of that era these passages would often become chock-full giving the Y-Block a reputation for bad oiling to the top end. Ford came up with a terminate gap measure for this trouble by feeding oil via an external tube directly to the rocker shafts from the main oil gallery. Because of ameliorate oils today and a grooved eye cam journal, a make clean freshly rebuilt Y-Cake should no longer have this problem and thus, no need for the external oiling tube.^[1]

Cylinder heads on the Y-Block accept always been a point for discussion. Because of the configuration of the intake ports, vertically in pairs instead of horizontally adjacent, and the manner in which they make abrupt turns effectually the caput bolts, they accept been called "bad breathers". Although their flow can indeed be inferior, they are nevertheless able to rev to 7,000+ rpm.^[ane]

Ford Y-blocks are easily identified. The distributor is located at the back of the engine and off to one side and the valve covers are held on with two bolts through the superlative.

239 [edit]

The first Y-block on Ford automobiles and F100 trucks was the 239 in³ (3,910 cc) version as released in 1954 with EBU casting numbers. The Y-block was the same displacement as the one-time Ford Flathead V8 that it replaced but with a bigger bore and a shorter stroke (3.five ten 3.1 in). It produced 130 bhp (97 kW) at iv,200 rpm^[5] as opposed to the flathead's concluding 110 bhp (82 kW) at 3,800 rpm,^[6] an increment of 18%.^[1] Torque was also upward compared to the Flathead, with 214 lb·ft (290 North·m) at i,800rpm^[five] compared with 196 lb·ft (266 N·grand) at 2,000rpm.^[half-dozen] The Y-cake was considered a major advocacy over the flathead. The 239 in³ version was available in 1954 models (EBU casting numbers), and in late 1954 and 1955 (EBV casting numbers), while also in 1955 the bigger 272 in³ and 292 in³ siblings were introduced. The 1955 EBV 239 engine exchanges many parts with afterward model Y-blocks such as the 272 and 292, while the 1954 EBU engine has many parts that do not exchange with the 1955 EBV 239 and later on Y-blocks.

256 [edit]

The original Mercury Y-block, introduced for the 1954 model year, displaced 256 in³ (iv,194 cc). Advertised as the "V-161" engine, it ran a diameter and stroke of 3.625 ten 3.1 in. The compression ratio was 7.5:ane, and the rated ability was 161 hp (120 kW) at four,400 rpm. Torque was 238 lb⋅ft (323 N⋅m) at 2,200 rpm.^[iii] The engine breathed through a Holley model 2140 (4V) carburetor. The 256 in³ version of the Mercury Y-block was merely available in 1954 models and was replaced by the 292 in³ in 1955.^[iii] The 256 was as well used in some F100s in 1955 depending on the production plant location.

272 [edit]

By 1955 Chevrolet introduced its "small block V8" with 265 in³, not to be outdone Ford increased its displacement to 272 in³ and introduced the Thunderbird with a 292 in³ engine.^[1] The 272 in³ (4,465 cc) version of the Y-Block was the same bore as the outgoing Mercury 256 in³ Y-Block but with a longer stroke (3.625 x 3.3 in).^[seven] The standard 1955 U-lawmaking featured a two barrel Holley carburetor and was rated at 162 bhp (121 kW) at 4,400 rpm and 258 lb·ft (350 Nm) at 2,400 rpm. The optional "Power Pack" Thou-code utilised a four barrel Holley carburetor and was rated at 182 bhp (136 kW) at 4,400 rpm.^[8]

In 1956 the U-code was updated to produce 173 bhp (129 kW) at four,400 rpm and 260 lb·ft (353 North·m) at ii,400 rpm with a transmission manual behind it or 176 bhp (131 kW) at four,400 rpm and 264 lb·ft (358 N·1000) at 2,400 rpm with an automated transmission.^[nine] The M-code 272 was dropped altogether in 1956 in favour of a four butt Thousand-code version of the 292.^[one]

A final version of the 272 in the US was released in 1957 as the B-lawmaking.^[10] It featured a two butt Holley carburetor and was rated at 190 bhp (142 kW) at 4,500 rpm and 270 lb·ft (366 Due north·g) at 2,700 rpm.^[xi]

Ford Australia released this V8 motor as its only option in the iv-door Customline sedan from 1955-1959 (based on the Canadian Meteor), and its coupé utility, based on the same styling equally the Customline, called a Mainline. It was introduced in passenger cars in July 1955, and in the redesigned truck lineup ane month later.^[12] In late 1956 the Australian 272 switched to a 4 bolt 2 barrel Autolite carburetor.^[13]

This engine, besides as the 292 version starting in 1956, was likewise produced by Ford of Brazil at its São Paulo institute facility (Ipiranga found). A new edifice was opened on November 21, 1958, by the Brazilian President, Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira, to produce the commencement Ford engine in Due south America. The 272 version was used on Brazilian F-series trucks until 1977 and on the Brazilian Galaxie 500, launched in Apr 1967.

292 [edit]

A 292 Y-block engine in a 1955 Ford Crown Victoria Skyliner

The 292 in³ (4,778 cc) Y-Block was as well introduced in 1955. The 292 shared the three.3 in (83.82 mm) stroke of the 272 but with a larger iii.75 in (95.25 mm) diameter.^[7] It was used in the Ford Thunderbird, 1959-60 Edsel, Mercury, and some loftier-finish Ford cars. The Ford version was the P-code "Thunderbird V8", which for cars equipped with a manual transmission had a compression ratio of eight.1:i and was rated at 193 bhp (144 kW) at 4,400 rpm and with 280 lb·ft (380 Nm) at ii,600 rpm. Cars equipped with an automatic transmission had a slightly college compression ratio of eight.5:i with a quoted 198 bhp (148 kW) at iv,400 rpm and 286 lb·ft (388 Nm) at 2,500 rpm.^[14]

The Mercury division had two versions of the 292 available in 1955. The standard engine had a 7.6:ane compression ratio and was rated at 188 bhp (140 kW) at iv,400 rpm, with 272 lb·ft (369 Nm) of torque at 2,500 rpm. The height of the range Montclair V8 came with a college specification version that was rated 198 bhp (148 kW) at iv,400 rpm and 282 lb·ft (382 Nm) at two,500 rpm. 1955 would exist the but model year that Mercury would utilise the 292 in version of the Y-Block, with information technology being replaced by the larger 312 in engine for the 1956 model year.^[3]

In 1956 Ford replaced the P-code 292 with a new 312 in³ "Thunderbird Special V8" version of the Y-Cake, while the M-code 272 was replaced with a new M-Code specification of the 292. This M-code "Thunderbird V8" 292 was now optional on all Fords.^[2] The engine when fitted behind manual transmission vehicles had an 8.0:1 compression ratio and was rated at 200 bhp (149 kW) at 4,600 rpm and 285 lb·ft at ii,600 rpm,^[15] whilst the automatic featured an eight.iv:1 pinch ratio with a rating of 202 bhp (151 kW) at 4,600 rpm and 289 lb·ft (392 Nm) at 2,600 rpm.^[16]

All Ford Y-Blocks were up on power for the 1957 model twelvemonth. The 292 was available as the C-lawmaking engine option, once more with a slight deviation between the manual manual and "Fordomatic" automated transmission. Pinch was upward to 9.1:1 in manual cars, which were rated 206 bhp (154 kW) at 4,500 rpm and 297 lb·ft (403 Nm) at 2,700 rpm. Automatic vehicles were rated 212 bhp (158 kW) at 4,500 rpm, torque and pinch ratio are not listed in the Ford 1957 workshop manual as beingness any dissimilar from the manual car, which seems unlikely given the power deviation at the same engine speed.^[17]

The 292 would exist the longest-lived of the Y-Blocks, conveying on until 1962 in U.S. cars and until 1964 in U.Southward. trucks.^[i] It was as well used in Argentina in the F-100 pick-up well into the 1960s, and was known as Fase I (Phase I). In 1971, the engine was modified to accept a new-mode cylinder head with a different valve system (E-I-E-I-Due east-I-E-I versus Eastward-I-I-Due east-Eastward-I-I-East), new intake and exhaust manifolds and was renamed Fase II (Stage II). In this grade, the 292 Fase 2 continued into the 1980s in the F-100, and was also used in the Argentine Ford Fairlane (congenital from 1969–1982, and based heavily on the U.South. 1968 model). All Argentine versions of this engine feature a bandage crankshaft rather than the forged instance that equipped US heavy-duty engines. The 292 version was also produced by Ford of Brazil and equipped the Brazilian LTD starting in 1969. Both the 272 and 292 engines were replaced on Brazilian cars past the 302 windsor family engine starting on 1976 model twelvemonth.

312 [edit]

The 312 cu in (5.1 L) V8 engine came out for the 1956 model year and was again used in high-stop Ford and Mercury cars, including the Thunderbird.

Diameter x stroke dimensions were three.80 in × 3.44 in (96.5 mm × 87.iv mm).

Depending on model yr and application, the 312 was available with a single two- or four-barrel Holley carburetor, two four-butt carburetors and with or without a McCulloch (Paxton) supercharger (1957 only).^{[18] [nineteen]}

All 1956 U.South. Mercury models were powered by the 312 cu in (five.1 L) V8 animate through a four-barrel carburetor. At the commencement of the model year, a 210 hp (213 PS; 157 kW) version with 8.0:one compression ratio powered Mercury cars with manual transmissions (including three-speed plus overdrive), while a 225 hp (228 PS; 168 kW) version powered cars with automatic transmissions. The 225-horsepower version had an 8.iv:1 pinch ratio. Later in the model year, a 235 hp (238 PS; 175 kW) version with 9.0:1 compression ratio became bachelor. All 1956 Mercury engines had golden-painted blocks and heads. The 210-horsepower version had red valve covers and air cleaner, while the 225-horsepower version had blue valve covers and air cleaner. The 235-horsepower version had silver silverish valve covers and air cleaner. A dealer-installed "M 260" engine kit was released in January 1956. The kit consisted of a hotter camshaft, revised cylinder heads, and an intake manifold mounting two iv-barrel carburetors. The kit was advertised as boosting the Mercury 312 V8 to 260 hp (264 PS; 194 kW).

Non by and large known, most xl% of these 312s were equipped with vacuum secondary CARTER WCFBs. They are a highly desired version, as the Holley "teapots" were cross.

The 312s had no centrifugal timing advance in their distributors until 1957. Acceleration, response and gas mileage tin exist greatly increased by installing a subsequently year model benefactor.

The last regular application of the 312 V8 in the U.South. was for certain 1960 Mercury models. Though considered to be a high-performance engine in 1956 and 1957, information technology was downgraded to an "economic system" engine with low compression and two-butt carburetor by 1960. Ford pickups used the 292 cu in (4.8 Fifty) version every bit late every bit 1965.

Replacement [edit]

When Ford Y-cake debuted its power making power was already hindered by its inherent displacement limit. A quick reference to the engine specifications for 1955-57 shows the Ford V8s ahead of the Chevrolet counterparts in deportation, horsepower, and torque. Still, larger CID V8 engines fabricated past Cadillac, Chrysler, Buick, Pontiac and Oldsmobile clearly showed the modest CID architecture of the Y-block would demand revision in society to keep pace with the other automakers.

Fifty-fifty with the benefit of today'due south technology (aftermarket rods and stroker cranks), the upper limit of a Y-block is about 348 cu in (5.seven 50), while the Chevrolet could be modified well past the factory limit of 400 cu in (half dozen.6 L). The issue was the introduction in 1958 of the 332 CID "large block" Ford Fe engine which ultimately grew to 428 in³ – Later, in 1962, the Ford Windsor engine – which began at 221 cu in (3.6 Fifty) would fully supercede the Y-Cake and grow to 351 cu in (v.viii L).

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j} McTim64. "Almost The Ford Y-Block V8". yblockguy.com . Retrieved 2017-11-15 .
2. ^ ^{a b c d} "Celebrated Engines: Ford Y-Block V8". EngineLabs. 2017-05-eighteen. Retrieved 2017-11-14 .
3. ^ ^{a b c d} "Mercury 1950s General Specs". www.carnut.com . Retrieved 2017-11-xv .
4. ^ "1953 Mercury 255 V8 Engine Specs". www.secondchancegarage.com . Retrieved 2017-11-15 .
5. ^ ^{a b} "1954 Ford 239 V8 Engine Specs". www.secondchancegarage.com . Retrieved 2017-11-15 .
6. ^ ^{a b} "1953 Ford 239 Flathead V8 Engine Specs". www.secondchancegarage.com . Retrieved 2017-11-15 .
7. ^ ^{a b} "Y". www.ford-y-block.com . Retrieved 2017-11-15 .
8. ^ "The Archetype Ford facts about Classic 1955 Ford Engines". www.theclassicford.com . Retrieved 2017-eleven-15 .
9. ^ "1956 Ford 272 V8 Engine Specs".
10. ^ "The Archetype Ford facts virtually Classic 1957 Ford Engines". www.theclassicford.com . Retrieved 2017-11-15 .
11. ^ "Horsepower and Torque bend for 1957 Ford Custom 300 Fordor Sedan 272 V-8 offered since October 1956 for North America U.S." www.automobile-catalog.com . Retrieved 2017-11-15 .
12. ^ "V-eight overhead valve engines for new Ford trucks". The Farmer and Settler. Sydney, NSW. 26 Baronial 1955. p. 37. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
13. ^ "Aussie Y's". www.y-blocksforever.com . Retrieved 2017-11-15 .
14. ^ "1955 Ford Thunderbird Production Numbers/Specifications". automotivemileposts.com . Retrieved 2017-11-24 .
15. ^ "Horsepower and Torque curve for 1956 Ford Fairlane Fordor Victoria Thunderbird 5-viii offered since September 1955 for North America U.Due south." www.automobile-catalog.com . Retrieved 2017-xi-24 .
16. ^ "Horsepower and Torque curve for 1956 Ford State Sedan Station Railroad vehicle Thunderbird Five-8 Fordomatic offered since September 1955 for N America U.South." world wide web.automobile-catalog.com . Retrieved 2017-eleven-24 .
17. ^ Ford Division (1957). 1957 Ford Car and Thunderbird Shop Manual. Ford Motor Visitor.
18. ^ Nick D., ed. (April 20, 2016). "1957 Ford Thunderbird D/F-Code Phase I". Supercars.net . Retrieved 2018-09-09 .
19. ^ Pawel Zal (ed.). "Ford Thunderbird Hardtop 312 Supercharged Five-eight overdrive". Motorcar-catalog.com . Retrieved 2018-09-09 .

External links [edit]

• Short descriptions of Ford overhead valve V8 engines
• Website specializing in the Ford Y-cake V8, including a good discussion forum
• "Ford V8 Y-block Argentina". Retrieved September 11, 2007.
• "55 Years of Mercury" by John Gunnell^{[ page needed ]}
• 1956 Mercury sales brochure

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Y-block_engine

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